What is Umami?
Achieving that ultimate savory profile
Umami (/uˈmɑːmi/, from Japanese: うま味) or savory taste is one of the five basic tastes (together with sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness). It has been described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.
People taste umami through taste receptors that typically respond to glutamate, which is widely present in meat broths and fermented products and commonly added to some foods in the form of monosodium glutamate. Since umami has its own receptors rather than arising out of a combination of the traditionally recognized taste receptors, scientists now consider umami to be a distinct taste.
Have you every eaten something only to have a hard time describing the taste? What you may have been unable to describe is umami. Biologically speaking, your taste buds are equipped to experience four basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour and bitter. After many years of eating and research, scientists (and chefs) now add umami — the almost mythical fifth taste of glutamates and nucleotides — as the mysterious fifth taste.
Where did umami come from?
Obviously, it didn’t come from anywhere — it’s always been here, and people have always tasted it, without the slightest recognition. It wasn’t until the late 19th century that someone tried to describe umami. That person was Japanese chemist and food lover Kikunae Ikeda. When foods age, like cheese, or when meat begins to cook under the heat of an open flame, the proteins within undergo a molecular change. In this process, the proteins are completely broken apart into various units, one of which is a molecule called L-glutamate — the singular molecule responsible for umami. Similar to the other four basic tastes, umami is sensed when L-glutamate binds to specific receptors on your tongue, causing a chain reaction of chemical processes resulting in taste.
What does umami taste like?
The literal translation of the Japanese term means “pleasant, savory taste” or “yummy,” but that hardly gives you much to go on. Let’s put it into terms we can understand. Think fatty meats like steak. Think seafood. Think aged cheese — all carry the signature of umami, and the list doesn’t end there. Lesser known umami-containing foods include such things as tomatoes, beets, corn and soybeans. Go on, let your tongue’s imagination run wild.
Beef Phở with Sá Sùng broth.
